Friday, December 25, 2009

WNYC Radio Group Project: Come Up With Our Next Call-In



The Brian Lehrer show (WNYC.org)is asking the public to tell them what to put on the show. I have copied a few of the comments to this question below. The overwhelming response is: court corruption needs to be discussed and exposed.

WNYC's request:
From time to time, we do open phones segments around a particular question or topic. What question would you like to hear our listeners answer in the first call-in segment of 2010? Suggest an open phones question below!

Comments

Gary from Upper Left Side
December 22, 2009 - 10:55AM

How about investigating Congressman Charlie Rangel?

William galison from manhattan
December 22, 2009 - 01:16PM

New York State government is rife with corruption. The New York Times describes New York as a "Failed State". Consider the indictments (and convictions) of high level politicians in the past year alone.

The most destructive corruption occurs in the Judiciary, where corrupt judges (and lawyers) break the rules they are sworn to obey, destroying lives and depriving the public of the fundamental right to due process.

Anyone who has ever tried to complain about judicial corruption will find that the "ethics oversight" committees for judges and lawyers are a total sham.

Likewise, complaints against misconduct by the District Attorney and Attorney General are buried and ignored.

Up to now, WNYC has ignored this huge problem. There has never been a call in show about Judicial or law enforcement corruption. A call-in show would be the beginning of accountability for crooked judges and lawyers.

This would not be a call-in from people unhappy with a judge's decision, or a lawyer's incompetence, but with violations of ethical and criminal laws and rules by judges and lawyers.

William galison from manhattan
December 22, 2009 - 01:18PM

The call-in question would be:

"What are your experiences with corrupt judges and lawyers who have violated the rules and laws to which they are bound?"

laura masonic from sussex County...NJ
December 22, 2009 - 04:14PM
Civil rights are not topics for entertainment alone.... why then are Adopted Adults deprived the right to their Original Birth Document..

When a Law was passed to protect adoptive parents privacy were no provisions made for the furure adults who were the babies of adoption, they also have a Civil right....NJ Legislators need to vote a bill presently in the Senate....

Terence Finnan from north of NYC
December 22, 2009 - 06:16PM

There are many pending lawsuits involving judicial corruption in Federal District Courts in NY and in the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals in NYC, which cry out for exposure. This is something that cannot be ignored. Right now, the judicial corruption has harmed many and some have fought back in the Federal and State courts. If we don't expose this and fight back, who will help when judicial corruption has you as a target. Judicial corruption will be an issue in the coming campaign and the listeners could be informed early enough about the candidates will promise do about it. Knowledge is power for the voter. Judicial corruption will not go away, if cover our ears.

J anderson from New York City
December 22, 2009 - 06:47PM

Currently, many lawsuits involving judicial corruption are pending in Federal District Courts in NY and in the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals in NYC. Wide ranging hearings concerning corruption are being held by the State Senate Judiciary Committee chaired by Senator Sampson. This is a critical matter facing voters as we head into an election year. WNYC should devote time and attention to this vital subject. Judicial corruption threatens to undermine the very foundation of our democracy.

R. Pollack from Riverhead, NY
December 22, 2009 - 11:37PM

As a female, disabled civil rights attorney for 27 years, I was beaten up in NYC Family Court by Court officers who gave over $60,000.00 in campaign funds to the NY Atty General Cuomo, whose office refused to investigate the case and moved to dismiss it. The question of widespread retaliation against attorneys and their clients who oppose discrimination by the Courts on a state and now federal level must be examined. On a federal level, my client's entire case file was destroyed this year BY THE COURT to cover up the criminal wrongdoing in his case.

This is documented and proven. The State's grievance committees have taken an active role in the cover up of the criminality by attacking attorney whistle blowers.

We have the documentation and witnesses. It is but a fraction of the nationwide corruption which will lead to the further destruction of our nation's legal system. It gives a black eye to those judge's and attorneys in the system who are genuine and just.

A light must be shined on the mechanics of the court system and the politics therein.. The Lycerne County PA scandal is the tip of the iceberg.

P. Allen from New York, NY
December 23, 2009 - 05:46AM

There is no point in having a call-in show about adoption laws, or any other laws, if the courts are corrupt and/or unethical and do not follow the law.

NYS is host to some of the worst judicial corruption in the country. Many ordinary citizens have been dragged into a kind of hell, by having to turn to, or been sued in, the NY courts.

In light of the fact that the NY Senate is in the middle of holding public hearings about corruption allegations against the NY agencies that are supposed to regulate attorney ethics and judge ethics, I suggest that WNYC have a call-in show about listeners' experiences and frustrations in trying to obtain an ethical and fair hearing in the NY Courts.

Frank Brady from Manhattan
December 23, 2009 - 07:44AM

If you google "corrupt courts" you'll be stunned to read about how corrupt the courts in New York State are. A call in with suggestions to clean up the federal and state courts in New York, and restore integrity to our treasured judicial branch of government, would provide a huge public service.

Carol Barbieri from Atlantic Highlands, NJ
December 23, 2009 - 08:23AM

New Jersey adoptees have been fighting for access to their original birth certificates for 30 years now. NJ Bill # A-752 has been stalled in the Assembly for two years (after being passed by the Senate). Assemblyman Joe Roberts refuses to post the bill for a hearing. My question is: "Isn't 30 years long enough to wait for adoptees to have access to their birth certificates?" The bill will give birthmothers an entire year to file a letter with the state that will tell an adoptee that she doesn't want contact. She can also have her name and address removed from the original birth certificate. This bill is fair to BOTH parties - the adoptee AND birthmother. http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/commentary/give-new-jersey-adoptees-the-same-right-to-their-birth-certificates-that-the-rest-of-us-are-granted

Elizabeth from Buffalo NY
December 23, 2009 - 09:37AM

I concur with those from downstate NY that the judicial branch of this government is severly corrupt...as I worked with them for 30 yrs and I am now a victim for the 2nd time, only because I reported a sexually harassing judge who was eventually removed, producing hatred among those judges and political connections to judges, who continue and demand judicial workplace sexual activities , and then I was compelled to endure years and years of employee, supervisor and court administrator retaliation....all while receiving continuous excellent evaluations!

My story relates criminal actions taken by the courts to quiet me from revealing the dirty and illegal secrets that the NY justice system employs.

Stunning and incredible are the expressions I must use to describe to you the criminal conduct employed by the NY Office State Of Court Administration.....to silence my facts and years of personal experiences relative to judicial syndicate behavior!

k patrick brady from Rochester WNY
December 23, 2009 - 10:03AM

Please shine your light on Judicial Corruption. New Yorks judiciary, including the Attorney General/Department of Law suborns and perpetuates the greatest consumer fraud of all; the MYTH of JUSTICE.

N.M. from New York
December 23, 2009 - 02:08PM

How about the rigging of child custody and divorce cases in the Ninth Judicial District Second Department in New York? Where cases are been rigged to eliminated the protective parent. The fact that some cases have been fixed in order to sexually exploited children. Why criminal complaints are been ignored in regard of children been involved in child porn in New York State, because the case was priviously fixed by a judge, the law guardian the offending party and the rest of the judicial gang?

Luisa from Long Island, NY
December 23, 2009 - 02:27PM

The sad thing is....The Court systems are being run by a bunch of criminals, who belong in JAIL..Laywers, Judges and the Politicians are committing egregious crimes every single day and the FBI, Attorney General's Office, and the U.S Attorney's Office are doing absolutely NOTHING about it..WHY is the question here? Please we need to expose these crimes.. and the MEDIA has to help us.. PLEASE HELP, HELP, HELP THESE INNOCENT VICTIMS!!!

galit Schloss from Bronx
December 23, 2009 - 02:37PM

According to the 2009 Report of the Commission on Judicial Conduct, there were 1,923 complaints filed in 2008. Yet of these complaints only 262 were investigated and of those, 173 were dismissed. In which about more than 90% of them get dismissed for allegedly being only a fee dispute, but they were not

1. in addition there are many more victims of this corruption Legal system who do not complain at all.

I am one of the thousands of litigants who never complaint to the C.J.C or to the Grieving Comity, because its will only caused me more harm.

i am involved for eight years in the court system , i am still not divorced, and i never had my day in Court, because judges and attorneys keep violating the laws, and my right for due process, the affect on my children and me is devastating, "America" knows about it but is quiet about it, we have no where to complaint about it.

laura masonic from sussex County...NJ
December 23, 2009 - 03:14PM

It is a breath of fresh air to read that so many of the populus feels dissed & without true representation.there are stories enough to fill books, but courts are corrupted by the "Good ole boy network" they protect each other at everyones peril...

Where do we find the HONEST judge who can't be corrupted...

The representatives we vote for are equally roped into the Get rich quick schemes..
the public beware we are pawns in the games of the powerfull, We who they reley on for their livelyhood..

Jackie from Upstate New York
December 23, 2009 - 03:46PM

I think one of the most serious problems facing New York citizens, right now, is corruption throughout the court system.

Therefore, my question would be "Have you or someone in your family been harmed by judicial corruption?"

Christine Anderson from Manhattan
December 23, 2009 - 06:41PM

Dear Brian:
Why not the subject of judicial corruption? It affects every aspect of our lives. There are others, like myself, who collided with the system, to our detriment, and I speak as a former court attorney. It really is time for someone with guts to at least make a start on a topic which has wreaked havoc with the lives of NYC citizens.

CA of Manhattan

Hans Ulrich from Brookyn
December 23, 2009 - 10:22PM

I would like to hear a discussion on the pervasive corruption that plagues the New York State Office of Court Administration.

Luisa from Long Island, NY
December 24, 2009 - 05:55AM

I can guarantee that if WNYC decides to open their phone lines with the Topic of NYS Court Corruption, the phone lines would ring off the wall...Try it and you will see that i'm right!!

My questions would be..

1) Why are these Judges, Powerful Lawyers and Politicians getting away with it all, even after these crimes have been reported to the proper Federal and State authorities?

2) How can a "Powerful Lawyer", who's committed Extortion, Coercion, Felony Level Sexual Abuse, Obstruction of JUSTICE and who's heard on an Audio-Video DVD tape admitting to his crimes get away with it all?

K from pendleton, ny
December 24, 2009 - 10:12AM

Court Corruption in New York is rampant, all of Will Galison statements about our Attorney Grievance, Attorney General, Sheriff, DA even our FEDS is true. Complaints filed in these agencies go in the circular file.

Any stalker can violate an innocent persons rights and use lawyers and judges, sheriffs, DA's to accomplish their insanity.

I have 4 cases that felonies have been committed, Fraud on the Court and many other charges and there is no one to call. Call another lawyer, the lawyers are doing it, why are the lawyers doing it, there have been statements that my stalker has a powerful position and the last one they did it to committed suicide, so I would guess they will cover it up they best they can, and where are the FEDS, not returning our calls, where is the AG to investigate the attorneys felonies, not returning our calls. Why hasn't the Attorney Grievance Committee started an investigation, they do not return calls.

Stalkers and psychopaths are ruling our courts.

K from pendleton, ny
December 24, 2009 - 10:34AM

for the stalkers in NY, just pass around fake psych paperwork on your victim.......

no one will believe them no matter what they say and there is no agency that investigates such a felony and call up their lawyers and tell all the fake stories you want so the lawyer ditches the case and makes it cost them.........stalkers rule the courts!

k from pendleton
December 24, 2009 - 05:20PM

Judicial Corruption-

Town of Pendleton can back date false charges to deny your rights as they did when they filed those false charges so then this travels to Erie County Court where they hold more false trials and rumor has it changed that paperwork this travel back to Niagara County Court where they again commit Fraud on the Court.

The AG states, just trying to discredit you!

try and get a lawyer, it will cost you, you have no rights soeth say The Senator! At least rumor has it it is my Senator! If it isn't Georgie you have some explaining to do.....

Gerald Galison from United States
December 24, 2009 - 05:29PM

The failed state (NY) addressing both the legislature and judiciary.

Randy Weinstein from Manhattan
December 24, 2009 - 09:59PM

"What are your experiences with corrupt judges and lawyers who have violated the rules and laws to which they are bound and how did the judicial system respond to your grievances?

mike t. grant from manhattan
December 25, 2009 - 09:39AM

I have information about N.Y.S. Courts corruption. The court kidnapped Kevin Dozier-06a1227 and charged him with being an associate of Bin Laden. the federal government was contacted and they have done nothing. Mr. Ron Kuby And Mr. Daniel M. Perez misrepresented the case.(7483-2003) Records show that the previously mentioned attorneys were paid bribe monies to keep quiet. it is common knowledge that Mr. ron Kuby and daniel M. perez are corrupt soldiers of this corrupt system. they pretend to represent their clients.

margarita walter from westchester county
December 25, 2009 - 12:02PM

Pervasive corruption continues as an accepted practice between attorneys and judges in Westchester County, typically in the matrimonial part. What can be done to protect the rights of inncoent litigants who suffer from the fallout of such behavior? Many litigants are denied their constitutional rights, are denied access to their children, suffer loss of their property and assets, among many other court sanctioned outcomes. Despite historcial attempts for corrective action, it appears to have been given "lip service" only with no comprehensive follow remedy.

Betsy Combier from New York City
December 25, 2009 - 12:17PM

Your listeners need to hear about the corruption of the Unified Court System, which is destroying lives, careers, and families.

I have put my Federal lawsuit out on the internet, and on my facebook page. Available here:
RICO in the New York State Unified Court System: How the Courts Steal Your Property, Your Children, and Try To Destroy Your Life...And How You Can Stop Them
http://www.parentadvocates.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=article&articleID=7661

We need to stop the RICO in the Unified Court System of New York State! Any media dedicated to public service must take notice of the infested courts and their personnel.

Tuesday, December 22, 2009

New York State Supreme Court Justice Thomas J. Spargo Goes To Jail


Former State Supreme Court Judge Thomas Spargo enters the federal courthouse in Albany for his sentencing Monday. (Photo by Tom Killips/The Record)

Former New York State Supreme Court Justice Thomas J. Spargo Sentenced for Attempted Extortion and Bribery

WASHINGTON, Dec. 21 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Former New York State Supreme Court Justice Thomas J. Spargo was sentenced today by U.S. District Judge Gary Sharpe (pictured at right) in Albany, N.Y., to 27 months in prison followed by two years of

supervised release for attempted extortion and bribery, Assistant Attorney General Lanny A. Breuer of the Criminal Division and Special Agent in Charge John F. Pikus of the FBI's Albany office announced.

A federal jury convicted Spargo, 66, on Aug. 27, 2009. Evidence introduced at trial showed that on Nov. 13, 2003, Spargo solicited a $10,000 payment from an attorney with cases pending before him in Ulster County, N.Y., while Spargo was serving as a state supreme court justice. The trial evidence showed that when the attorney declined to pay the money, Spargo increased the pressure to pay by a second solicitation communicated through an associate. Finally, according to evidence presented at trial, on Dec. 19, 2003, Spargo directly told the attorney in a telephone conversation that he and another judge close to him had been assigned to handle cases in Ulster County, including the attorney's personal divorce case. According to the evidence at trial, the attorney felt that if he did not pay the money, both the cases handled by his law firm and his interests in his personal divorce proceeding would be in jeopardy.

"Fair and impartial judgment by those entrusted to carry out the laws is the bedrock of our legal system. When those sworn to uphold the law violate it, they will be held accountable," said Assistant Attorney General Lanny A. Breuer. "We cannot and will not allow the public's faith in our legal system to be shaken by judicial corruption."

"The FBI wants to assure those who have been extorted by public officials that investigating such crimes is the highest priority of our agency. As our recent public corruption convictions illustrate, the FBI will continue to focus on corruption occurring in all branches of New York State government," said FBI Special Agent in Charge John F. Pikus.

State authorities separately removed Spargo from the bench before his trial and disbarred him after his conviction.

This case is being prosecuted by Senior Trial Attorney Richard C. Pilger and Trial Attorney M. Kendall Day of the Public Integrity Section. The case was investigated by the FBI's Albany Division.

SOURCE U.S. Department of Justice

Ex judge sentenced to prison
By Dave Canfield, Tuesday, December 22, 2009
The Record

ALBANY — Former state Supreme Court Justice Thomas J. Spargo was sentenced to more than two years in federal prison Monday for trying to extort money from attorneys with cases before him.

U.S. District Judge Gary L. Sharpe handed down a 27-month sentence to Spargo, a 66-year-old former part-time Troy corporation counsel convicted in August of attempted extortion and soliciting a bribe, both felonies. He used the leverage of his job to try to obtain $10,000 from an attorney in 2003 to offset legal fees he was incurring during a battle with the Commission on Judicial Conduct, which eventually recommended his removed from the bench.

“As a judge, there is nothing that is more reprehensible,” Sharpe said of Spargo’s crimes.

Spargo, a seasoned Republican election lawyer from East Berne, left the James T. Foley Courthouse on his own accord and must report to the custody of U.S. Marshals on Feb. 9. He arrived and left with attorney E. Stewart Jones, who gave Sharpe an impassioned address, requesting no jail time while acknowledging that such a sentence would be a radical departure from sentencing guidelines.

The sentence falls at the minimum of those guidelines, which Sharpe amended after taking issue with a finding in the pre-sentencing report. Federal prosecutors had requested the maximum jail time of 41 months and a fine of $75,000.

Sharpe, however, declined to require Spargo pay any fine beyond the mandatory $200 surcharge, saying its punitive value would be outweighed by the financial hardship it would cause his family.

There will be no appeal, Jones said.

Outside the courthouse, Spargo said he thought Sharpe was fair in his decision, but Jones interrupted him to protest the jail sentence for a man he said did much good in his time as an attorney.

“The justice system convicted him on the evidence … that was sufficient punishment for Tom,” he said.

Spargo was disbarred following his conviction, and Jones told Sharpe that sending him to jail would be a “barbaric” sentence.

“To what end, for what purpose?” Jones said in a raised voice in court. “Tom Spargo has lost his judgeship, his right to practice law. He’s never going to regain that privilege. He’s lost everything. He’s financially destitute.”

Jones called the crimes “a very small slice of an otherwise highly admirable life” and noted Spargo’s work representing the indigent.

Prosecutor Richard C. Pilger, however, told Sharpe that a message needs to be sent that corruption in a judge’s seat does not go unpunished, saying that without a legal system free of impropriety “nothing works.”

“As the judge I clerked for told me, a judge can influence things just by the tone of his voice,” he said in asking for a sentence that takes Spargo’s crimes “as seriously as it is possible for a court to take it.”

While Spargo reportedly solicited money from three Ulster County attorneys, it was Bruce Blatchy who contacted the Commission on Judicial Conduct, which was already investigating Spargo on an unrelated ethics matter. Blatchy testified that he felt things in Spargo’s courtroom would not go his way if he did not offer up the money.

Those circumstances, Sharpe said, outweighed other factors that might lean in Spargo’s favor.

“While the other factors are important, that one exceeds them all,” he said.

John Pikus, the FBI’s special agent-in-charge in Albany, said in a statement that such cases are a priority for the bureau, evidently referencing the recent conviction of former Senate Majority Leader Joseph L. Bruno — who will also be sentenced by Sharpe, in March.

“As our recent public corruption convictions illustrate, the FBI will continue to focus on corruption occurring in all branches of New York state government,” Pikus said.

Spargo sought the funds to offset more than $100,000 in legal fees he had incurred in battling the commission’s inquiry into his politicking during his election to Byrne town judge and whether or not it was proper for him, as a judge, to testify on behalf of President George Bush during the infamous Florida recount. It was a lengthy, expensive fight Jones said was indicative of Spargo’s nature but was ultimately unwise.

Spargo admitted as much outside the courthouse, saying he recognizes he took that battle too far.

“The result is where we are,” he said.

Dave Canfield can be reached at 270-1290 or by e-mail at dcanfield@troyrecord.com.


Ex-judge gets 27 months in prison
Posted at: 12/21/2009 11:30 AM
Updated at: 12/21/2009 4:42 PM
By: WNYT Staff
LINK

ALBANY - A former state Supreme Court justice was sentenced to 27 months in federal prison Monday afternoon.

Thomas Spargo was convicted last summer on attempted extortion and soliciting a bribe.

Spargo received the minimum sentence -- 27 months and two years supervised release. He could have face up to 20 years in prison.

The jury found that Spargo took a $10,000 payment from an attorney in Ulster County who had cases pending before him. According to evidence presented during the trial, the attorney felt that if he did not pay Spargo those cases would be in jeopardy.

The federal jury in Albany deliberated for two days in August before reaching a verdict.

Spargo has been free on bail since his conviction. He remains free now. He'll have to report to prison on Feb. 10.

Wednesday, December 16, 2009

RICO in the New York State Unified Court System

The judges and their colleagues in the New York State Unified Court System are operating under the umbrella of "absolute immunity" in order to rob and harass you and convert your property to their ownership. Dont fool yourself into thinking that anyone in the State legislature doesn't know this is happening, and wants to do anything about it. You just have to outsmart them all by documenting everything, like I did. I may not win my lawsuit against them in Federal Court, but I now have the intervenors/conspirators online for the public to see how it all works. Please share this information. Betsy Combier

RICO in the New York State Unified Court System: How the Courts Steal Your Property, Your Children, and Try To Destroy Your Life...And How You Can Stop Them
LINK

People are being victimized by the courts of America's "justice system" every day, often without knowing anything until it is too late, and you are left without your property, family member and/or child. Judges threaten lawyers - the people who are being paid by you to defend you and protect your interests - and make the Attorneys facing the Court do what "they" - the judges and their political partners - want, and work with the "fixer" to steal property, take children, and plunder estates for personal gain. I know what 'they' do, because when my church - Madison Avenue Presbyterian, ("MAPC") in New York City - came after me in 1998 after my mom's death, I was an innocent victim of a collusion so powerful, I almost died in the hospital on July 21 2006. However, I did survive, and I am now helping any person who is harassed/victimized/harmed by this conspiracy of harm in our nation's courts.
Fred Anderson
When my mother died during the night March 15-16 1998, I had no idea that my church, the New York City Presbytery, and the Judges and courts of New York State would collaborate on an eleven-year campaign to defame and harass me for researching their organized conspiracy to commit extortion and coercion and for being named, in my mom's Will, the beneficiary of my mother's apartment on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. The Surrogate's Court in New York City is located at 31 Chambers Street. The Public Administrator's office is on the fourth floor, while the Surrogate Judges - Interim Acting Judge Troy Webber and Judge Kristen Glen - are on the fifth floor of this building. Their jobs are to convert property from your ownership to theirs, and take whatever cash is available through altering Wills and/or outright theft of property. I call this a form of Court-supported eminent domain policy. Since 1998 I have been subjected to this gang, all of whom are now named in my Federal Lawsuit, and I have documented all of their actions and conversations. In New York State it is the law that anyone can tape anyone else without telling the person who is being taped, if you are in the conversation. When Mary Santamarina, the senior Attorney for the Surrogate Judge (Renee R. Roth) in the law department at 31 Chambers Street, started calling me up with lawyer Kenneth Wasserman, the man who has made all the errors for the past eleven years while carrying the burden of making the RICO work, I turned on my tape recorder. I guess you could say that the intervenors picked the wrong person to make into a victim. I may die before getting any relief, but I wont die a victim.

Santamarina and Wasserman threatened me, screamed at me, and tried their very best to alter my reality. I didnt fall for it. A man named "Bill Jorgenson" from Eliot Spitzer's office called me and did the same thing. I wouldn't fall for that either. But it wasnt easy, and when Judge Roth ordered my mother's last Will out of existence on July 21, 2006, my heart failed and I spent three days in the hospital as the doctors tried to get my heart back on track. Fortunately for me and you, the general public, they were successful, so that I can bring this story to the internet and, if something does happen to me, the people involved can be held accountable for setting up the RICO of the New York State Unified Court System.

Background

MAPC was unionized when my mom and I started helping the building staff in 1994. However, the Pastor, Dr. Fred Anderson, was harassing the building staff in order to bust the Union, Local 32 B&J and remove the union from the church. Additionally, the Trustees of MAPC were engaged in using the church property to finance real estate deals for "political friends" (both members and non-members of the church) with Mr. Gregory Moundas of the law firm Proskauer Rose. A Partner at Proskauer, the late Stephen Rachow Kaye, was the husband of the Chief Judge of New York State, Judith Kaye, arguably the single most powerful person in the State of New York. This really is the perfect crime. Due to the Establishment Clause in our Constitution, there is a separation of church and state in America that works for some, but not others, in putting religious institutions above and outside of the law (whenever it suits "them"). My mom, Julia Taschereau, understood that the Church that she donated her life to was the perpetrator of theft, false claims, and crimes against the public, so she kept her volunteer job at MAPC for more than 49 years, telling me everything that was going on at 921 Madison Avenue, 7th floor.

Fred Anderson knew that I was hearing about what he and the Trustees were doing, and admitted at his deposition in 2001 that they decided to get rid of me as soon as my mother died or was incapacitated. In 1996 Fred and the Associate Pastor Charles ("Chuck") Amstein joined up with my twin sister Julia Danger ("Jill") to destroy the relationship that my mom and I had, which was a close mother-daughter loving friendship. Fred, Chuck, and Jill started writing my mom and calling her up to say that I was a terrorist, I was "crazy", and other such things. Instead of pulling my mom away from me and my four daughters these attacks made her angry. She silently despised Fred Anderson for his treatment of the staff at the Church and then of me.

You cannot understand this story unless you get to know the person my mother was. She was born on Valentine's Day February 14, 1914, in New York City, to newspaperman/journalist Samuel Strauss and Broadway theater angel Irene Rosenfield, both of whom were of German descent and they married in Des Moines, Iowa in 1903. Julia Strauss was their only child, and they raised her in New York City, Katonah New York, Paris and London. My mom was a people magnet. All her life she drew people to her with a genuine interest in this person's life and hopes for the future, and her caring nature. She had the lightest and biggest blue eyes I have ever seen. She gave parties at her apartment every couple of weeks for the church choir or for someone's birthday, and her apartment was always packed with people because everyone and anyone was always welcome, until the beatings from my sister Jill became extreme, and there were no parties when Jill arrived for her summer visits. My mom had a lawyer write a Will in November 1997 and she arranged for the signing ceremony to be at her apartment, after Jill threw her to the floor on July 25, 1997 and put her into the hospital emergency room.

When my mom died in her sleep after working at the Church all day (the night of March 15, 1998), Chuck told Fred that I had received my mother's apartment in the Will. They immediately contacted Guide One Insurance Company and an Attorney called "Kenneth Wasserman". They gave Mr. Wasserman the job of torturing me into giving up the apartment, and silencing me from talking - or writing - about Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church. Luckily for me, Wasserman turned out to be incompetent at implementing the corruption and fraud that the Church management, Presbytery, and their colleagues in the New York State Court System wanted to set up. On June 8, 2009, I filed a lawsuit in Federal court that was the end result of their 11-year scheme to rob me and harm me and my family. See below.

Kenneth T. Wasserman

Second Amended Complaint
Exhibit 1
Exhibit 2
Exhibit 3
Exhibit 4
Exhibit 5
Exhibit 6
Exhibit 7
Exhibit 8
Exhibit 9
Exhibit 10
Exhibit 11
Exhibit 12
Exhibit 13

Without a Prayer For Relief: The NY State Supreme Court is Bought By Guide One Insurance Company and a Church, Madison Avenue Presbyterian

The bench trial (trial without jury) on the issues of the capacity of Julia Taschereau and undue influence began on August 4, 2009 after 11 years of fraud on the Surrogate Court by Julia Danger and her alleged Attorney Kenneth T. Wasserman, who was, in 1999, fraudulently designated the real person of interest in these proceedings by this Court. The judge, Troy K. Webber, was already being sued by me for locking me in her courtroom on April 1, 2009, and threatening me that I could not put the tape of the meeting on my website. I brought a sound engineer to the personnel office of the court on April 10, 2009, and we copied the two-hour proceedings, and then I made a transcript of the meeting. Troy Webber was appointed to the Interim position after Nora Anderson won the election for Manhattan Surrogate to replace Renee R. Roth, but then Anderson was indicted for fraud along with Attorney Seth Rubenstein (who, by the way, I saw in court with Troy Webber on June 9, 2009).

From 1998 to 2006 I was not fully aware of the conspiracy that was working to harm me, but in November 2005 I ("Proponent") found a handwritten note in the Surrogate's Court case file showing that Law Dept Attorney Mary Santamarina told Mr. Wasserman to remain in the Court of Judge Renee Roth, and she gave him the Roth calendar for 1999.

But Mary Santamarina and former Judge Renee Roth knew that these proceedings, the Probate Proceedings of the Will of Julia Taschereau, could not stay in the courtroom of Judge Renee Roth due to the conflict of interest with Proponent’s witness Henry “Hank” Sheinkopf, who knew my mother. My mom liked Hank a lot because she thought he was very smart and he was on TV, which made him a TV star in her eyes.

In Wasserman’s case of undue influence, he cited the collusion of Proponent with Henry Sheinkopf to obtain the services of an employee in his office who also happens to be an Attorney, Mr. Kenneth Brown.
I did not do this, and this was part of the fairytale that Wasserman has made up and the conspirators have followed and used against me since 1998. In 1999 Wasserman filed a lawsuit against me in New York State Supreme Court, saying that I converted money from the Samuel Strauss Trust (created in 1953 by my grandfather, for me and my sister Jill) that my mom lived on, to my own use. Only Jill and I had already closed the Trust at Banker's Trust, and signed a contract that there would be no liability for either me or Bankers Trust (and, I never had access to the Trust funds, anyway). Yet Wasserman was allowed to harass me from 1999 until October 1, 2009, when the Appellate Division, First Department, dismissed the case on my papers.

Starting in or around 2003 until 2006, as I explained to the Surrogate court on several occasions during the trial, Mr. Wasserman and Ms. Santamarina called her at home approximately once or twice a month, and they both yelled at her that she would win the Will contest but not the Banker's Trust case, made up by Wasserman, and she must immediately give her sister $375,000. Then the amount became $300,000, then $200,000. The threats were abusive. I knew that there was no Trust case, so I was able to withstand these attacks and say no. I knew that the only case over which the Surrogate Court had any jurisdiction was over the 1997 Will of Julia Taschereau, just as Judge Roth admitted in July 2006, five days after she ordered my mom's Will out of existence.

This Court handed Proponent and Wasserman alleged “certified” copies of the proceedings of April 1, 2009, during this trial just ending, and in these proceedings Judge Webber tells Proponent that she cannot tape Mr. Wasserman nor Mary Santamarina. New York State law allows a party to a conversation to tape another party if he/she is part of the conversation, without the other party knowing about it. On April 1, 2009 Interim Acting Surrogate Troy Webber locked Proponent Combier inside the Courtroom #509, and prevented Proponent’s two colleagues with her, from entering. Both colleagues were there simply to sit in the room and make sure that Proponent Combier did not have heart failure like she did in 2006 when Judge Roth ordered the 1997 Will of Julia Taschereau out of existence for about five days. A complaint was filed against this court and Court Officer Randy Dash with badge number 4689 with this court.

For this act and others Proponent sued Surrogate Webber and Mary Santamarina on June 8, 2009 in United States District Court, Southern District, and filed a Second Amended Complaint on November 24, 2009. Proponent alleged every day of trial that the trial forced upon her by Surrogate Webber without a jury was a fraud and was scheduled because Judge Webber wanted to retaliate against Proponent for suing her. Every day of trial Judge Webber insulted Proponent, complained about her being the “problem”, and explained all the reasons for Ms. Combier being a problem for the court. Herein is evidence of prejudice against Proponent by this Court and by Mr. Wasserman, an “Attorney of the Court” as a visitor described him. Every ruling and every insult by the Court to the character and actions of Proponent during the trial must be viewed through the prism of bias and prejudice against her, by the Manhattan Surrogate Court and Defendants Webber, Santamarina, Levitan, Wasserman and Danger. The appearance of impropriety and prejudice to harm Proponent and damage her reputation as a person of outstanding character and integrity is a constant fact in this case, and it was for this reason that Proponent reminded this court of the prejudice on a daily basis during trial.

The Surrogate's Court never showed any concern for the constant belittling of proponent, including an order from the bench never to say “thank you” to the Court for anything. The Court characterized the Temporary Letters of Testamentary issued by Roth on July 19, 2006, that gave the position of administrator of the estate to Public Administrator Ethel Griffin, saying that Julia Taschereau died “intestate” as “only a piece of paper”. The remaining estate, which Mr. Wasserman never wanted appraised and that he removed from the apartment in 1999 and took to Croton, could never have been given to the Public Administrator. The Will should have been probated in 2001. Additionally, we found out during the testimony of Kenneth Brown that he had never heard from Mr. Wasserman since his deposition in 1999, although he was the designated Successor Trustee. Mr. Wasserman insisted that he “could not find him”. Mr. Wasserman was allowed by this Court to prevent a trial and/or closure of these proceedings for at least nine years, in violation of Proponent’s Constitutional due process rights, rule of law, laches, estoppel, and her First, fifth, seventh, and 14th, amendment rights as stated in the Constitution. In this effort Proponent states, Surrogate's Court and Mr. Wasserman have failed to overcome the errors which have made this proceeding a fraud on the Unified Court System of New York State as well as on the people of New York State.

This Court frivolously stated from the bench and in the July 17 order that brought the trial to the calendar in this court, that the “brief delay” by Charles Amstein at Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church in returning Proponent’s mother’s ashes to her was just that, simply a brief delay, all the while knowing this is an actionable tort and a crime. Charles Amstein was sued in New York State Supreme Court in July 1999 for withholding Proponent’s ashes from her for eight days, and was found liable at two trials. This is a misdemeanor and also a violation of Public Health Law. Mr. Kenneth Wasserman told Mr. Amstein to withhold the ashes from Combier, and he gave the Appellate Division a secret memo about me that I found in the case file on March 15, 2005. I took a picture of the caption in Wasserman's document, where he described himself as "APPOINTMENT-RESPONDENT-PRO SE"

On August 4, 2009, the proceedings designed to invalidate the 1997 Will of Julia Taschereau, begun in 1998, climaxed with the filing of a Verification signed and notarized by Julia Danger on July 30, 2009. This Verification stated that the two-page document filed on February 16, 2000 with the title “Objections To Probate” was indeed truthful, and that objection No. FIRST (number one) had been withdrawn. Surrogate's court has no power to decide on the validity or falsehood of the “Objections To Probate” due to lack of jurisdiction, laches, and testimony of Julia Danger that nothing in her “Objections” is true or known by her, and everything was conveyed to her by third parties who spoke with her attorney, Kenneth T. Wasserman (“Wasserman”). Therefore, there can be no objections recognized by this Court, and the 1997 Will must be probated. The Objections are simply hearsay, made up by Wasserman, who has no personal knowledge of any facts concerning Julia Taschereau. Julia Danger, or "Jill", admitted she knew nothing about the Objections, 7 months after these had been filed in the Surrogate's Court.

This trial was not about Julia Taschereau, but about something reprehensible to decent minds: the crushing of truth, sabotage of evidence, and denial of due process rights. This issue that needs to be addressed by the legal system of this state and. Perhaps, of this country, is how the Rule of Law was pushed aside for eleven years to punish me for whistleblowing union busting, construction sabotage and fraud at my church, and fraud on the public by a large and powerful insurance company.

I filed the following in Surrogate's Court after the bench trial before Judge Webber was over:

POINT 1: THE TRIAL STARTING AUGUST 4, 2009 SHOULD NEVER HAVE TAKEN PLACE

(A) THIS COURT’S ACCEPTANCE OF THE DANGER VERIFICATION AS VALID AND AS A LEGAL BASIS TO PROCEED TO A BENCH TRIAL WITHOUT A JURY BEFORE JUDGE TROY WEBBER WHO IS BEING SUED BY PROPONENT COMPROMISES THE IMPARTIALITY OF THE COURT AND DENIES PROPONENT COMBIER HER DUE PROCESS RIGHTS

Proponent objected to the acceptance of the Verification notarized by Kenneth T. Wasserman and signed by Julia Danger on July 30, 2009, as invalid due to its’ untimely validation and the admission of fraud by Julia Danger at her deposition in 2000 as well at trial. This Court’s acceptance of the “Objections To Probate” on the first day of trial is prejudicial to the rights of the Proponent and cannot be valid nor can the trial be seen as equitable due to laches. The “Doctrine of laches” is based upon the maxim that equity aids the vigilant and not those who slumber on their rights. It is defined as neglect to assert a right or claim which, taken together with a lapse of time and other circumstances causing prejudice to an adverse party, operates as a bar in a court of equity. Wooded Shores Property Owners Ass’n, Inc. v Matthews, 37 Ill.App.3d 334, 345 N.E.2d 186, 189. Laches also applies here as the neglect for an unreasonable and unexplained length of time under the circumstances permitting diligence, to do what in law should have been done. Lake Development Enterprises, Inc. v Kojetinsky, Mo.App. 410 S.W.2d 361, 367.
This Court has failed to address or remedy the unreasonable and unexplained delay of nine years in asserting rights which work to disadvantage Proponent. Kennedy v Denny, 237 Ky. 649, 36 S.W.2d 41, 42.
The conduct of this Court in collusion with Mr. Kenneth T. Wasserman (“Wasserman”) has placed Proponent in a situation where her rights are imperiled and her defenses embarrassed. This is the basis of laches. State v Abernathy, 159 Tenn. 175, 17 S.W.2d 17, 19.

Laches requires an element of estoppel or neglect which has operated to prejudice a party, and this is the case in this proceeding. Estoppel by laches is a failure to do something which should be done or to claim or enforce a right at a proper time. Hutchinson v Kenney, C.C.A.N.C. 27 F2d 254, 256; namely, that Danger needed to file a Verification in 2000, not 2009.

In the proceedings pursuant to validating the 1997 Will of Julia Taschereau (“proceedings”) which has remained before this Court for eleven years, probate of the Will should have been considered in 2001 when all the 1404 depositions as well as the depositions of draftsman Kenneth Brown, Julia Danger, and Elizabeth Combier were completed. Proponent attempted to get the necessary relief at that time, but was prevented from enforcing her rights to the property left to her by her mother by Wasserman and this Court. Croyle v Croyle, 184 Md. 126, 40 A.2d 375, 379.

Estoppel in pais (equitable estoppel) rests upon the principle that when a person by his/her acts causes another to change his/her condition to his detriment, the person performing such acts is precluded from asserting her right which she otherwise might have had. Peplinski v Campbell, 37 Wash.2d 857, 226 P.2d 211, 213. Estoppel by laches is presented here and Julia Danger, the party estopped, had knowledge of the transaction to deny Proponent her property rights, yet mislead Proponent to her prejudice. Wisdom’s Adm’r v Sims, 284 Ky. 258, 144 S.W.2d 232, 235, 236.

(B) THE UNVERIFIED “OBJECTIONS TO PROBATE” DATED FEBRUARY 2000 DID NOT GIVE THE SURROGATE COURT JURISDICTION TO PROCEED AS IF THERE WERE VALID OBJECTIONS AND THE 1997 WILL SHOULD HAVE BEEN PROBATED UPON COMPLETION OF THE 1404 DEPOSITIONS AND THE DEPOSITIONS OF BROWN, DANGER, AND COMBIER

The Surrogate Court Procedure Act (SCPA) grants full and complete general jurisdiction in law and in equity to administer justice in all matters relating to estates and the affairs of decedents, and upon the return of any process to try and determine all questions, legal or equitable, arising between any or all of the parties to any action or proceeding, or between any party and any other person having any claim or interest therein, over whom jurisdiction has been obtained as to any and all matters necessary to be determined in order to make a full, equitable and complete disposition of the matter by such order or decree as justice requires. SCPA §201, Const. Art. VI §12.

SCPA §203: The jurisdiction of the court is exercised by the commencement of a proceeding in the court. All proceedings are special proceedings and are commenced by filing a petition.

SCPA §303: All pleadings shall be verified.
The fact that Danger’s “Objections To Probate” were filed on or about February 16, 2000 in Surrogate’s Court and not verified until the first day of the trial, August 4, 2009 is a jurisdictional defect which required dismissal of the Objections. Danger never made a motion to correct this error, and therefore this Court never took jurisdiction over the objections nor Objectant, and this is a basis for rejecting the “Objections To Probate”. Red Roof Inn Inc. v Penninpede, SP 5454/07; District Court, Nassau County, 2007; this court has had no subject matter or individual jurisdiction over Danger to be given any power to rule on the proceedings cited herein. Pinner v Pinner, 33 N.C.App. 204, 234 S. E.2d 633
Proponent Combier made consistent references to the unverified “Objections To Probate” as fatally defective, but this Court took no notice. Thus this Court had no power to verify any “Objections To Probate” because the conditions essential to the exercise of jurisdiction have not been complied with. This court never took subject matter or personal jurisdiction over Julia Danger and her “Objections”.

The Surrogate Court lacks the power to determine the rights of persons not parties to a proceeding and over whom there is no jurisdiction. In re Crighton’s Estate, 20 NY2d 124, 281 NYS 2d 811, 228 N.E. 2d 799 (1967).

These proceedings should have been closed in or about 2001, and Mr. Wasserman should be sanctioned for neglecting his duties to this court by withholding the 1404 testimony as well as the deposition of Kenneth Brown for nine years.

(c) THE “OBJECTIONS TO PROBATE” PLEADING IS WITHOUT FOUNDATION IN FACT OR LAW AND IS HEARSAY

The “Objections to Probate” were defective as there was no verification, and this was not corrected until August 4, 2009, however by then Danger had denied the truth of her objections.

Julia Danger told the Court that her mother was “fine”, “”competent” at all times, denying the truth of her own Objections. The statement from her deposition was read into the record: “My mother seemed capable of – she was herself. ..She was – her mind was fine". And, Jill added, there must have been undue influence, but I knew nothing about it.

Julia Danger refused to answer any questions about her evidence of “undue influence” because her lawyer told her about the evidence, she had no personal knowledge of anything. She testified that she found out about the threats of Proponent from her lawyer, who was told by Maryanne Weaver. This is hearsay. Maryanne Weaver is also the wife of John Weaver, the designated executor of the 1989 Will of Julia Taschereau. The testimony that neither Maryanne Weaver nor John Weaver knew this fact before the death of Julia Taschereau is not credible, and is not true.

After the deposition of Maryanne Weaver Proponent testified that she was concerned about the health of Mrs. Weaver, and called her up. Mrs. Weaver told her during this call that Mr. Wasserman had told her to make up the lie about how Proponent was going to sue her mother, and that was why she started shaking at her deposition. She knew, she told Proponent, that this was not true testimony. Mr. Wasserman was creating a fraud.

The Objections To Probate are, therefore, hearsay and must be stricken from the record. The only part of Danger’s testimony that is believable is that she never heard anything about undue influence nor did she ever believe that her mother was not of sound mind. She “knew” about Proponent’s threats about moving to New Jersey and leaving Julia Taschereau alone, from her lawyer, Mr. Wasserman, who spoke to Maryanne Weaver about it.

POINT 2: PROPONENT HAS MET HER BURDEN IN PROVING THAT JULIA TASCHEREAU WAS OF SOUND MIND WHEN SHE SIGNED HER 1997 WILL, AND THERE WAS NEVER ANY LACK OF CAPACITY

(A)All the witnesses at trial testified in court to the alertness, and full capacity of Julia Taschereau at all times. Virginia De Bono remembers seeing her the day she died, and had conversations with her at Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church the day that Julia Taschereau died, March 15, 1998. Mrs. De Bono gave Julia Taschereau the money for the concert that day, showing that she was capable of handling money and that the church and the 300+ people who attended that concert saw her handle the admission fees as well.

(B) Ann Connor said that Julia Taschereau was always “chipper as a cracker”, meaning that she never observed any change in the way Julia Taschereau acted on her job or with her friends. Mrs. Connor and all the other witnesses stated that Julia Taschereau was always at her volunteer position at the church, “every day”.

(C) Priscilla McOstrich testified that she never saw Julia confused about anyone’s name, or any information. Scott Vanos, Mary Hanley, Hank Sheinkopf, Kenneth Brown, and Charles Amstein never saw Julia act strangely or with any confusion about who she was or where she was. Mrs. De Bono said that Julia Taschereau was a strong person mentally and knew what she wanted.

(D) Diane Stennett, Julia Taschereau’s home care aide from November 4, 1997 until the end of December 1997 saw Julia Taschereau doing her work and never saw any lack of capacity. In fact, her testimony is that Julia Taschereau didn’t just ask her to be a witness to the signing of the Will on November 21, 1997, but demanded it:

Page 19 of the July 29, 1998 deposition of Ms. Stennett was read into the record and here it is:

Q: Did Mrs. Taschereau ever speak with you about a Will?
A: Yes
Q: When was the first time that she spoke to you about a will?
A: I think it was about three or four days prior. I know it was like this week, and the other week was signing. She said to me that – she’s asking me if I could be a witness on her Will, and I jokingly said to her, “No”, to see her reaction, and she said, “Why? And I said, “Because I’m too young”, and she said, “Oh no you’re not, and I want you to be a witness on the Will. “ I said, “No”. She said, “Yes, If you cant do it, then I’ll have to make you do it” So I said, “Okay, I guess you win this one”. We were just joking about it.

Ms. Stennett testified that she observed Julia Taschereau during these moths always understanding what was going on and that Julia Taschereau was always alet. (p. 37, deposition 1404)

(E) the hospital records submitted to this court from Lenox Hill Hospital and De Witt nursing Care show that Julia Taschereau was always “alert”, conversing with people, and mentally sound.

Proponent has met her burden proving sound mind and capacity on the part of Julia Taschereau throughout the years 1995-1998.

POINT 3: THERE WAS NO UNDUE INFLUENCE EXERTED OVER JULIA TASCHEREAU AT ANY TIME BY PROPONENT

(A)Julia Taschereau was never of “unsound mind”. The law states that unsound mind exists when there is an essential deprivation of the reasoning faculties, or where a person is incapable of understanding and acting with discretion in the ordinary affairs of life.

Undue influence is that persuasion that overpowers the dominated party’s free will or judgment that he or she cannot act intelligently and voluntarily, but acts, instead, subject to the Will or purposes of the dominating party.

There is no evidence whatsoever by any witness at trial to any domination over Julia Taschereau by Proponent. In fact, this would have been impossible, according to all the testimony.

Priscilla McOstrich, a person who was personal friends with Julia Taschereau for more than 40 years at the time of Julia’s death in 1998, observed Julia at parties at Julia Taschereau’s apartment in 1997, especially November 2, 1997. Julia spoke to Priscilla about her apartment and how she did not want Jill Danger to come and stay. Julia told Priscilla that Jill was stealing items from her apartment, and that she was afraid of her daughter Jill, not Betsy. These types of conversations took place three weeks before she signed her will in front of three witnesses and her draftsman, Kenneth Brown.

Julia Danger “knew” that there “must have been” some undue influence over her mother. But Julia Danger never verified her Objections until the first day of trial on August 4, 2009, and even after she verified her objections and the Court fraudulently accepted them, she still never gave any instance of undue influence over the Will and her mother by Proponent.

Point 4: JULIA DANGER WAS REMOVED FROM THE 1997 WILL AFTER REPEATED ATTACKS, BOTH VERBAL AND PHYSICAL, ON HER MOTHER JULIA TASCHEREAU DURING THE SUMMERS OF 1996 AND 1997

(A)So, why was Jill Danger removed from the 1997 Will, deliberately, by Julia Taschereau?

Robert Siegel was asked by Julia Taschereau to become the successor Trustee of a Trust in name only as a “legal shield” against Julia Danger’s constant attacks against Julia Taschereau. Mr. Siegel’s testimony is so powerful and credible that Mr. Wasserman interrupted him and made him an interested witness after he started his testimony at trial. Then Mr. Wasserman lied about the Trust set up with Julia Taschereau, Elizabeth Combier and Robert Siegel and stated that it was still open! Proponent objected and asked for proof, which Mr. Wasserman could not produce. The trust ended at the death of Julia Taschereau in 1998. It was a revocable Trust, and Julia Taschereau knew this and could have revoked it at any time. Julia Taschereau also had the telephone number of Kenneth Brown, and could have changed her Will signed on Nov. 21, 1997 if she had wanted to.

On February 14, 1996, Robert Siegel was told by General Elm Properties that Julia Taschereau’s maintenance was in arrears. Mr. Siegal spoke with Julia Taschereau at a meeting in her apartment, at which Julia Taschereau asked for help with her finances as well as with Jill Danger’s abuse. As a friend, Mr. Siegel agreed, and never received any money at all.

Soon after that Julia Taschereau asked proponent to help her with her checks and her money, and told her that she had signed a Power of Attorney and wanted Proponent to assist her. Proponent did not want to take on this responsibility, as she has four children and a Thheater company for disabled children, but Julia Taschereau insisted. The testimony of Charles Amstein and Maryanne Weaver support the fact that Julia Taschereau wanted her daughter Betsy Combier to take the Power of Attorney so that she could get her finances in order. Starting in 1996 Proponent kept records of every check signed by her in a log that remained at Julia Taschereau’s apartment. All notations were made contemporaneously, and Julia Taschereau approved every entry.

Maryanne Weaver also stated that Julia Danger was demanding money from Julia Taschereau. But Julia Taschereau called Julia Danger’s financial representative in 1996, Dee Osborne, and asked her how much money Julia Danger had at that time. Ms. Osborne said “more that $200,000.”

In 1996 Julia Danger wrote a letter to her mother Julia Taschereau describing how “Chuck, Tita, Gary, everyone…thought Betsy needed to be in a mental institution” On July 14, 1996, Chuck Amstein called up Proponent and told her that she disgusted him. This call and Julia Danger’s letter were the two events which started Julia Taschereau not wanting Julia Danger near her. Julia Taschereau’s fear of Julia Danger had nothing to do with Proponent, but this was a reaction to Julia Danger’s increasingly hostile and abusive behavior in 1996 and in 1997 towards her mother.

In July 1997 Julia Taschereau was harmed while Julia Danger and her children were staying with Julia Taschereau. But Julia Danger flew to California on July 26, 1997 anyway, leaving Julia Taschereau on the sofa in pain. Anne Connor called Proponent who took Julia Taschereau to Lenox Hill Hospital. Upon information and belief, the hospital records on that day, which Lenox Hill never submitted to this court, show that Julia Taschereau had an accident at the hands of her daughter and/or her grandchildren.

After this injury, Julia Taschereau called people to do a Will for her and made the Will happen according to her wishes, not those of proponent.

The fraud on this court made up by Mr. Wasserman that there was undue influence over Julia Taschereau by her daughter Elizabeth Combier has failed, there is no evidence or testimony to these alleged acts. The deceit of nine years on this court by Kenneth Wasserman must stop.

Tuesday, December 15, 2009

Judges May Be Penalized For "Lengthy, Inexcusable" Delays in Making Their Rulings

Judicial Tardiness Can Trigger Discipline, Ruling Concludes
By Joel Stashenko, December 16, 2009

ALBANY - Judges may be penalized for "lengthy, inexcusable" delays in making their rulings, but such misconduct must be determined based on the circumstances of the individual cases, the Court of Appeals ruled yesterday.

The 6-0 Court revisited its 1990 finding in Matter of Greenfield, 76 NY2d 293, in which it held that the Commission on Judicial Conduct lacked the jurisdiction to discipline a judge for failing to timely dispose of pending matters except where judges defied orders or falsified records.

Ruling on a commission recommendation to admonish Kingston City Court Judge James B. Gilpatric (See Profile) for his delays in making rulings from 2004 to 2008, the Court said that "a judge's failure to promptly dispose of pending matters is primarily a matter for administrative correction" within the court system.

"But after nearly twenty years of experience with Greenfield, we think it is not workable to exclude completely the possibility of more formal discipline for such behavior, in cases where the delays are lengthy and without valid excuse," the judges held in a per curiam ruling in Matter of Gilpatric, 196.

The Court of Appeals decision appears on page 25 of the print edition of today's Law Journal.


The Court added, "We now hold that lengthy, inexcusable delays may also be the subject of disciplinary action, particularly when a judge fails to perform judicial duties despite repeated administrative efforts to assist the judge and his or her conduct demonstrates an unwillingness or inability to discharge those duties."

The judges cautioned that the circumstances of each judges' delays must be examined to determine if misconduct is present.

"Statistics alone are insufficient to support a finding of misconduct; disciplinary action must be based on a record demonstrating a judge's persistent lack of action in response to administrative recommendations or warnings," the Court ruled.

In the case before it yesterday, the Court ordered that Judge Gilpatric's matter be sent back to the commission and that a referee be called in to gather a more complete record.

The Court said it could not determine whether a warning Judge Gilpatric received from the commission in 2004 about decision-making delays was sufficient to "render these delays misconduct as a matter of law." Nor could the Court determine from the record what help Judge Gilpatric was offered by court administrators to enable him to speed up his rendering of decisions, the judges held.

The commission ruling was based on papers submitted to it, but not stipulated to by Judge Gilpatric nor the commission. No hearing was held.

According to the commission's determination of admonishment, Judge Gilpatric failed to render decisions in 43 cases and four motions in a timely fashion between 2004 and 2008 (NYLJ, June 19).

One of the cases went 31 months without a ruling. In 24 of the matters, delays ranged from two months to six months after final submission and in 17 cases delays ranged from seven months to 14 months.

Judge Gilpatric's attorney, James E. Long, argued before the Court that decision-making delays, where bad faith is not involved, are a matter for the state court system to police through its administrative judges, not misconduct punishable by the Commission on Judicial Conduct (NYLJ, Nov. 18).

Mr. Long said yesterday he believes he can demonstrate before a commission referee that Judge Gilpatric's delays were largely due to the fact the judge received little or no support staff while a part-time Kingston City Court judge from 2004 to 2007.

"The cases that were delayed were not strictly run-of-the-mill small claims and City Court cases," Mr. Long said in an interview. "There were cases that were fully tried and deserved a written decision."

Judge Gilpatric cleared up his delays in 2008, when he received support staff after becoming a full-time City Court judge in Kingston, according to his lawyer.

'Rule of Reason'

Mr. Long argued that yesterday's ruling will "embolden" the conduct commission to cast a wider disciplinary net for judges who have been tardy in making rulings.

Under the Uniform City Court Act, judges have 30 days to rule from when a case is finally submitted and 60 days to decide motions.

Robert H. Tembeckjian, administrator of the conduct commission, said the Court had "substantially and appropriately" modified its 19-year-old precedent in Greenfield. He denied the commission would use the ruling to target judges for delays.

"The commission's approach is to regard the ethics rules as rules of reason and not impose discipline for minor infractions," Mr. Tembeckjian said. "In the area of delay, that means not to impose discipline where there wasn't some egregious violation."

In its 32-year history, the commission has publicly disciplined only 11 judges for delay, five before Greenfield and five afterward, Mr. Tembeckjian said yesterday.

Mr. Tembeckjian said traditionally court administrators handle the issue.

He said the Court's ruling was the first time the judges have remitted a matter back to the commission for a new hearing. The decision to do so appeared to run counter to the Court's finding in Matter of Shaw v. State Commission on Judicial Conduct, 96 NY2d 7 (2001), in which judges held they did not have jurisdiction to remit a matter back to the commission for reconsideration. Rather, according to that decision, they could only decide whether to affirm or reject the commission's recommendation to remove, censure or admonish judges.

Judge Gilpatric will start his new duties in January as a Supreme Court justice in the Third Judicial District following his election last month. He will travel to all seven counties in the Supreme Court district, but will be based in Kingston.

Chief Judge Jonathan Lippman took no part in yesterday's ruling.

@|Joel Stashenko can be reached at jstashenko@alm.com.

Tardiness Not a Matter Of Ethics, Judge Argues
By Joel Stashenko, New York Law Journal, November 18, 2009

ALBANY - Absent any aggravating factors, tardiness by judges in rendering decisions is a matter for court administrators to remedy, not the Commission on Judicial Conduct, the lawyer for a soon-to-be Supreme Court justice argued yesterday before the Court of Appeals.

Attorney James E. Long of Albany conceded that Judge James P. Gilpatric (See Profile) allowed some matters before his Kingston City Court to go on too long, especially the small claims matter that he took 31 months to decide.

But Mr. Long asked the Court of Appeals whether the Third Judicial District's administrative judge, George B. Ceresia Jr., could have done more to help Judge Gilpatric clear a backlog of late cases and prevented the Gilpatric matter from going to the Commission on Judicial Conduct, which recommended that the judge be admonished.

"So what should the commission do when they get a complaint from a member of the public [of judicial delay]?" Judge Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick asked Mr. Long yesterday.

"They should go to the administrative judge, your honor," Mr. Long responded. "They should not be attacking Judge Gilpatric and disciplining him. They should go to the administrative judge and say, 'What's needed here? What education is needed so that the judge doesn't do this? Did you feel there was any reason to intervene?'"

But Judge Victoria A. Graffeo noted that Judge Gilpatric had been cautioned in the past by the commission about late decision-making and that Judge Ceresia had also made inquiries about late cases that Judge Gilpatric listed in his quarterly reports to the administrative judge. Judge Graffeo asked about the extent of Judge Gilpatric's obligation to the litigants who often had to wait months for the judge to rule in their cases.

"Possibly he should have reached out and asked his administrative judge for help, 'Send another judge down, I've got a backlog that I can't keep up with up,'" Mr. Long said.

"Thirty-one-and-a-half months in a small claims decision? ... Over two years, almost three?" Judge Ciparick asked.

"That I would have to submit, judge, literally gets lost in the cracks," Mr. Long replied. "But is that judicial misconduct warranting discipline by the commission?"

Judge Gilpatric, in Matter of Gilpatric v. State Commission on Judicial Conduct, 196, is challenging the admonishment recommendation by the commission for failing to render decisions in 47 cases within prescribed time limits from July 2004 to March 2008.

Judge Gilpatric argued that the delays occurred almost exclusively in a period when he was a part-time city court judge who did not have a law clerk or a secretary. He was also establishing, at Judge Ceresia's direction, the first Kingston Domestic Violence Court during the same period, the judge argued.

Judge Gilpatric was elected on Nov. 3 as a Supreme Court justice in the Third Judicial District and will take that bench starting in January.

Questioning by the judges yesterday indicated that the matter would likely hinge on the Court's interpretation of a 1990 precedent, Matter of Greenfield, 76 NY2d 293.

Aggravating Factors

In that ruling, the Court held that the Commission on Judicial Conduct does not have jurisdiction to sanction a judge for ruling delays unless, as an aggravating factor, the judge has "defied administrative directives" or has "attempted to subvert the system."

Mr. Long contended that the 2004 letter of caution from the commission to Judge Gilpatric was not an aggravating factor that brought the commission into play.

Commission Administrator Robert H. Tembeckjian, arguing yesterday for the commission, said a February 2004 confidential letter of caution to Judge Gilpatric was clearly an "aggravating factor" under Greenfield that gave the agency the authority to step in.

"Aggravation was met," Mr. Tembeckjian said. "It is aggravation if you are cautioned and persist."

Mr. Tembeckjian said it is the job of the commission to discipline judges for unnecessary delays in rendering rulings if the aggravating factors outlined in Greenfield are met.

He said the commission has shown "enormous discretion" in sanctioning judges for late rulings.

Since the inception of the agency in 1978, Mr. Tembjeckian said only 11 judges have been publicly disciplined for making tardy rulings out of some 1,600 complaints received for delay. Another 70 private letters of caution have gone out to judges, Mr. Tembjeckian said.

Most of the complaints were dismissed without action.

"Greenfield has essentially wiped out the field of delay unless there is some aggravation," Mr. Tembeckjian.

Mr. Tembeckjian said Greenfield does not apply to the town and village court justices because they are not required to periodically report case delays to administrative judges like state judges are.

Mr. Long, in turn, told judges yesterday that Mr. Tembeckjian is eager to have them make significant changes to Greenfield, if not scrap it altogether, so the commission can gain additional regulatory authority over town and village justices who are significantly behind on their decision-making.

Mr. Long said that if the Court upholds Greenfield, he should win the case on behalf of Judge Gilpatric because the precedent does not give the commission the authority to intervene.

"I'll be the hero amongst the town and village judges, because that is what this is really about," Mr. Long contended. "What they want you to do is reverse Greenfield so that the Commission on Judicial Conduct can start lining up the firing squad for the town and village judges."

After arguments, Mr. Tembeckjian disputed that the commission is seeking greater authority over justice courts.

"A prosecutor doesn't bring charges against everyone who jaywalks," Mr. Tembeckjian said. "The commission doesn't bring charges or scrutiny to every allegation of a minor transgression."

According to the commission (NYLJ, June 19), Judge Gilpatric failed in 43 cases, most of which were small claims matters, to make decisions within 30 days of final submission as required under the Uniform City Court Act §1304.

The bulk of those rulings were issued within two to six months after final submission, though the commission found that one matter went 31 months before a determination was made.

In four other cases between March 2005 and February 2008, the commission found the judge failed to rule on motions within the 60-day limit spelled out in both the Uniform City Court Act §1001 and §4213(c) of the Civil Practice Law and Rules.

Though time limits are established in both the Uniform City Court Act and the Civil Practice Law and Rules, neither statute establishes penalties if judges miss deadlines, or designates whether court administrators or the Commission on Judicial Conduct should enforce the rules.

Twice during the 2004-2009 period, the commission found that Judge Gilpatric failed to respond to inquiries from Judge Ceresia about delay in cases. In four instances, the commission found that litigants wrote letters to the judge inquiring about delays.

In making its 8-1 determination recommending admonishment, the commission held that Judge Gilpatric's conduct constituted a pattern of "persistent or deliberate neglect of his judicial duties."

@|Joel Stashenko can be reached at jstashenko@alm.com

Tuesday, December 8, 2009

Christine Anderson v New York State Supreme Court Appellate Division, 1st Department, Departmental Disciplinary Committee: Whitewashing Complaints

Christine C. Anderson Reveals a "Cleaner"
"US Federal Whistleblower Lawsuit (07cv09599)
Anderson v The State of New York, et al.
Criminal Allegations Requiring Senator John L. Sampson's
Immediate Attention.

LINK

In Judge Shira A. Scheindlin's US Federal Court Whistleblower
Christine C. Anderson Reveals a "Cleaner", Naomi Goldstein, at
the New York Supreme Court Appellate Division First Department ETHICS
Committee allegedly Whitewashing Complaints for US Attorneys, DA's and more.

A scene more reminiscent of the Gotti Trial on the 26th Floor of the same
Federal Courthouse...Inventor Eliot Bernstein's Family Minivan Bombed in US
Patent Office Fraud files Twelve Trillion Dollar RICO Suit legally "related"
by Judge Scheindlin to the Whistleblower case (08-4873-cv US Court of
Appeals Second Circuit) and US District Court (07cv11196).

Where was the Press through all this, the Right Arm of Anarchy, not a single
report in over five years regarding a Car Bombing so powerful it blew up
three cars next to it in Boynton Beach Florida and not a single press story?

Where was the Press for the Whistleblower revelations of Whitewashing of
Complaints by the New York Supreme Court for US Attorneys and District
Attorneys, a Cleaner at the Ethics Department that regulates Wall Street
Lawyers?

Has Investigative Journalism died? If there are any Journalists
or Investigative Reporters left on earth, please feel free to call me, Eliot
Bernstein
@ 561-245-8588 or write iviewit@iviewit.tv to break the greatest
patent story ever told. "Eliot Bernstein"

For an Interactive version of the attached Adobe PDF Letter to the New York
Senate Judiciary Committee and Senator John L. Sampson below with Links to
all Exhibits @ http://iviewit.tv/wordpress/?p=209
Posted by Crystal L. Cox at 5:14 PM

Thursday, December 3, 2009

FBI, DOJ Refuse To Investigate The Courts of America

UPDATE: FBI, DOJ refuse to investigate charges of judicial corruption
By: Barbara Hollingsworth, Examiner Columnist
12/03/09 3:12 PM EST
LINK

Re: “SEC IG looks into United Airlines bankruptcy,” Nov. 24



For three years, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Department of Justice have refused to investigate material evidence of a nationwide criminal racket that has allegedly infiltrated state and federal courts and is unlawfully manipulating and exploiting litigants in bankruptcy, family and probate courts.

According to court documents filed in Chicago, the FBI and DOJ turned a blind eye to retaliation against citizens who attempted to expose the corruption, including “kidnapping of children, false incarceration after being ‘framed’ by criminal elements in civil and criminal authorities, impoverishment, coercion under duress, and serious physical injury up to and including death.”

The 2006 affidavit claims that “multiple judges and lawyers are aware of and/or involved in alleged criminal acts,” but have not reported wrongdoing to authorities in violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct. It specifically mentions four federal judges, including Eugene R. Wedoff (see below - Editor) who was appointed chief bankruptcy judge of the Northern District of Illinois in 1986.

Judge Wedoff presided over the 2005 bankruptcy of United Airlines, in which 20 large unsecured creditors lost nearly $18 million. The airline also defaulted on $3.2 billion worth of pension obligations for over 134,000 United employees –the largest pension default in three decades – while its top executives walked off with millions in exit bonuses.

Dan Hanley, public spokesperson the Whistleblowing Airline Employees Association (www.airline-whistleblowers.org) and a former United 777 captain who was forced out of his job, alleges that United management fraudulently withheld information from the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation, which took over their pensions, and that PBGC never conducted the federally mandated analysis of the United pension fund before agreeing to its termination. The Securities and Exchange Commission has recently agreed to look into the matter.

The court affadavit also accuses Wedoff, who recently suffered a mysterious fractured skull, and other allegedly crooked judges of squirreling away $40 million in bribes at LaSalle National Bank in Chicago, Wells Fargo and Northern Trust Bank in Arizona. The affadavit further claims that payoffs to Wedoff eventually wound up in the ERW Living Trust, which purchased Lot 114 of Greenfield Place in Maricopa County, Arizona. The signature of ERW trustee “Richard E. Williams” is allegedly identical to Judge Wedoff’s.

The affidavit further charges that the criminal racketeering enterprise headquartered in Phoenix hacked into INSLAW, a court software program, and “through the systematic code-based creation of fraudulent documents and identity theft,” illegally hijacked it to funnel stolen private and government funds into two trusts – Omega and Anchor Pure Trusts – which ultimately dispersed the hot cash into personal trusts such as ERW, which then used fake mortgages for property that had already been bought with cash to further launder the money.

“Multiple lawyers of prominent law firms are allegedly members” of the racket, which uses phony federal marshal credentials to gain access to the Federal Court Building in Chicago, according to the affidavit.

Another signed affidavit, filed by court qualified document examiner Sidney Perceful, accused Wedoff of allowing a bankruptcy trustee to confiscate and destroy records and transfer “large sums of money” to his account at La Salle, which she called “highly irregular and illegal.”

These allegations, if true, point to a massive criminal infiltration of the federal court system. But so far, neither the FBI nor DOJ have bothered to look into them. The big unanswered question is: Why not?



PROFILE
Eugene R. Wedoff
Bankruptcy judge widely respected as smart, practical

Harriet Chiang, Chronicle Legal Affairs Writer
LINK

Tuesday, December 10, 2002

The federal judge in Chicago who will oversee the fate of United Airlines has one of the best reputations in the nation, a jurist considered by lawyers to be exceptionally suited to handle the largest bankruptcy in aviation history.

Judge Eugene R. Wedoff has been a bankruptcy judge in the Northern District of Illinois for 15 years, widely respected for both his intellect and his practical grasp of the business world.

Although he has handled primarily small bankruptcy cases, lawyers in the field say there's no question that he's up to handling United's financial free- fall.

With Wedoff in charge, "I think United is very lucky," said Douglas Baird, a law professor at the University of Chicago who specializes in bankruptcy law.

"He's not a miracle worker, but he's going to give them his best shot."

Dan Zazove, a Chicago lawyer who represents primarily debtors in bankruptcy cases, said one would be hard-pressed to find something to criticize about Wedoff.

"He's probably one of the better judges in the country," he said.

A tall figure with bushy red hair, Wedoff, 52, is expected to run a tight ship, open to lawyers making their case, but unwilling to let things drag on.

"He's scholarly, but he's not the kind who's going to sit in his office for 40 days," said G. Ray Warner, resident scholar for the American Bankruptcy Institute in Washington, D.C. "He will pull the trigger and get things moving forward."

Wedoff is outspoken and has been a critic of proposed amendments to the bankruptcy code that would restrict debtors' rights.

But lawyers say he's unlikely to favor United over the unions, saying he's extremely even-handed.

A jurist who prides himself on being prepared, Wedoff is expected to be tough on all sides. "He gets right to the point," said Dan Murray, a senior partner at Jenner & Block, one of the pre-eminent law firms in Chicago, where Wedoff practiced law before he took the bench.

Wedoff was born and raised in the Chicago area. He received his undergraduate degree in music from the University of Chicago. He continues to pursue his passion for music, as a classical pianist who has performed some of his own compositions.

He went on to receive his law degree at the school and then went into private practice at Jenner & Block, specializing in business litigation.

Wedoff took the bench in 1987 and became chief judge this year, taking on the administrative challenge of juggling a record number of bankruptcy filings on a bench with three openings. He is married and has four children.

He's on numerous national bankruptcy boards, including the American Bankruptcy Institute and the National Conference of Bankruptcy Judges.

Legal experts expect him to be up on the issues facing United because he is a constant student of the law, speaking on numerous panels and writing many articles.

"He works ahead of the curve," Zazove said.

Wedoff also is known for carefully following the law, a trait that won him praise at the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1999, the justices overturned a ruling he made concerning a reorganization issue. But in both the majority and dissenting opinions, justices praised him for his "conscientious handling" of the case.

"He listens, he's smart," Baird said. "And he's passionate about doing his job right."

E-mail the writer at hchiang@sfchronicle.com.

http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/12/10/MN48836.DTL

This article appeared on page A - 19 of the San Francisco Chronicle

Sunday, November 29, 2009

Will The U.S. Supreme Court Strike Down "Honest Services Fraud"?



chicagotribune.com
Anti-corruption law: Supreme Court decision could derail ex-Gov. Rod Blagojevich's trial
Justices are asked to scale back or strike down prosecutors' key tool for public corruption cases

By David G. Savage,Tribune Newspapers, November 30, 2009
LINK

WASHINGTON -- The nation's most potent law against public corruption could be in danger of being scaled back or struck down by the Supreme Court, threatening a series of high-profile cases, including those of former Gov. Rod Blagojevich, (pictured above) the Washington lobbyists who worked for Jack Abramoff (pictured below testifying before the Senate Indian Affairs Committee)and several jailed corporate chiefs.

At issue in court arguments in early December is a ban on "honest-services fraud," (see full link copied below - Editor) often used against public officials who accept money, free tickets or well-paying jobs for their spouses and children in cases where bribery cannot be proved.

"In Chicago, this was our go-to statute. Every major public corruption case in the last 10 years relied heavily on an honest-services charge," said Patrick Collins, formerly a top anti-corruption prosecutor for U.S. Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald in Chicago. These cases include the conviction of former Gov. George Ryan.

The trial of Blagojevich is set to begin in June, but Collins said it could be derailed by a high court decision. "If the court were to gut the statute, the prosecution would have to think long and hard about how to restructure the case. (Honest-services fraud) is the core operating theory of the case," he said.

In Washington, anti-corruption activists fear the court's ruling could take away from prosecutors their best tool for combating the culture of gift giving and cozy deals between lobbyists and members of Congress and their staffs.

"It would undercut public corruption cases across the board," if the court struck down the law against honest-services fraud, said Melanie Sloan, executive director of Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington.

Opponents say honest-services fraud is vague and ill-defined. It fails to spell out, for example, the point when a friendship turns into a criminal scheme. Julian Solotorovsky, another former federal prosecutor in Chicago, said the court should strike down the law and force Congress to spell out what is a crime. "There is no vaguer statute on the books than this one," he said. "I'm surprised it's taken 21 years to get this before the Supreme Court."

In New York, the former state Senate Majority Leader Joseph Bruno is on trial in an honest-services fraud case for allegedly obtaining $3.2 million in private consulting fees from clients who had business before the legislature. His fate is before the jury.

Last month, a jury in Washington was told Abramoff's lobbying operation spent more than $5 million between 2000 and 2005 doling out free tickets to sporting events and concerts for members of Congress and their staffs. But the jury could not reach a verdict on a series of honest-services fraud charges against Kevin Ring, a former congressional staffer who worked for Abramoff. The judge put off a retrial until the Supreme Court rules on the law.

In recent decades the Supreme Court has made prosecuting public officials more difficult.

In 1987 the court threw out the use of mail fraud statutes against a Kentucky official who doled out the state's insurance business to his friends. However, there was no allegation that the deal resulted in a cost to the state's taxpayers. Congress responded by passing a one-line amendment saying a fraudulent scheme includes one to "deprive another of the intangible right of honest services."

In 1999 the justices limited the reach of another law against giving "illegal gratuities" to public officials because there was no proven link to "an official act."

Bribing a public official is also a crime, but it's hard to prove. Prosecutors must show an explicit deal between the official and the person offering the bribe.

In the two decades since Congress passed honest services, judges, prosecutors and defense lawyers have disagreed over its meaning.

In February, Justice Antonin Scalia sounded off in dissent when the court let stand the convictions of Robert Sorich and two other Chicago city officials for having schemed to steer city jobs to campaign workers. There was no allegation that Sorich and his co-conspirators had received any money.

Scalia said this open-ended law "invites abuse by headline-grabbing prosecutors" who can turn minor ethical lapses into a crime that carries a long prison term. Honest-services fraud is so broad it "would seemingly cover a salaried employee's phoning in sick to go to a ball game," he wrote.

Shortly afterward, the justices agreed to hear two appeals that call for paring back the law. In the first, Conrad Black, the jailed newspaper executive, argues that he cannot be held guilty of honest-services fraud unless it can be shown he intended to do economic harm to Hollinger International, the company he once headed. It formerly owned the Sun-Times.

And in Weyhrauch vs. U.S., a former Alaska legislator says he cannot be found guilty of fraud for failing to disclose that he had sought work with an oil services firm before he left the legislature. He did not get a job with the firm, but he did cast a vote in favor of the firm's position on a tax bill. Bruce Weyhrauch said the state's law did not require such disclosures, but federal prosecutors say he was still criminally dishonest. Both cases will be heard Dec. 8.

Last month, the court went further and agreed to hear a claim that the honest-services fraud law should be struck down entirely because it is unconstitutionally vague. The appeal came from former Enron CEO Jeff Skilling, who was convicted on multiple counts, including a fraud charge. Skilling says he was trying to save Enron from collapse, not defraud its shareholders. His case will be heard early next year.

The three cases have convinced lawyers that a major change is in the works.

dsavage@tribune.com

Honest Services Fraud

In 1988, Congress modified the mail and wire-fraud law by making it a crime to defraud citizens of their intangible rights to honest and impartial government. Since then, an increasing number of government officials have been indicted for depriving others of their honest services. This includes a pair of miscreant judges in Pennsylvania. The doctrine is a tool that may enable citizens to hold judges accountable for their unlawful actions.

Fighting Corruption with the 'Honest Services' Doctrine
Lucy Morgan, January 25, 2009


It might be a good idea for public officials and those who lobby them in Florida to pay attention to what's going on in federal courtrooms around the nation. Especially state legislators.

Federal prosecutors are winning cases using a doctrine called "honest services" fraud. It's a broad way to fight public corruption.

In plain words, the law presumes a public official owes the public a duty of honest services. When the official fails and does so using the mail or telephones — or perhaps e-mail or BlackBerry — while concealing a financial interest, it becomes a crime.

In some states the law has been used to prosecute legislators who accepted jobs or gifts from lobbyists or institutions that receive public money.

Most of us are familiar with bribery and understand that it takes proof that a public official was willing to do something in return for a corrupt payment. But "honest services" fraud is easier to prove than outright bribery.

The change came about in 1988 when Congress specifically rewrote mail and wire fraud laws to include schemes designed to "deprive another of the intangible right of honest services.'' That decision came after the U.S. Supreme Court overruled lower courts and tossed out corruption charges against Kentucky officials, saying those laws did not prohibit schemes to defraud citizens of the intangible right to honest government.

As it frequently does, Congress reworked the statutes to make its intent clear in answer to a court ruling.

Convictions taken under the 1988 law have since been upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court and a number of appellate courts. "Public officials inherently owe a fiduciary duty to the public to make governmental decisions in the public's best interest,'' wrote the 11th U.S. Circuit in a 1999 case.

Some officials have been prosecuted for omitting income on their financial disclosure statements and voting against legislation affecting the income that was not disclosed. Others have been prosecuted for taking sham jobs with businesses and governmental agencies. A Missouri lawmaker was convicted after he accepted free lodging from an insurance lobbyist. And some have been prosecuted for making and taking campaign contributions in expectation of government action.

It's one of the reasons that public corruption indictments have risen more than 40 percent in the past two years, notes the American Bar Association's White Collar Crime Newsletter. Defense attorneys complain that the charge loads the deck against them, and appellate courts are divided. But hundreds of public officials have gone to jail on the charge.

The charges were among those brought against Washington lobbyist Jack Abramoff, U.S. Reps. William Jefferson and Randy "Duke" Cunningham and more recently in Palm Beach County corruption cases.

The way federal prosecutors see it, public officials have a duty to make decisions in the best interest of the people who elect them. When they make decisions based on personal interests, they are defrauding the public.

In one case, city employees were prosecuted after they structured the hiring and promotion system so that those who participated in the right political campaign got better jobs and more money.

A New Jersey lawmaker was convicted of the crime in November after he used his power and influence to obtain a $35,000-a-year job at a state School of Osteopathic Medicine after he helped steer $10-million in state grants to the school. A former dean at the medical school was also convicted of rigging the hiring process to create a job for the legislator.

Sound familiar?

There are some differences in the New Jersey case and the acceptance of a $110,000-a-year college job by Florida House Speaker Ray Sansom. The New Jersey official failed to disclose his job and funneled money to the college after going on the college payroll. On the day Sansom became speaker, Northwest Florida State College appointed him to an unadvertised job as vice president. A day later the college announced the appointment. Sansom had funneled millions of dollars in construction money to the college. He has denied any wrongdoing but resigned from the college earlier this month after news of the appointment created an uproar. Sansom did say he has consulted Peter Antonacci, a Tallahassee defense attorney who is a former statewide prosecutor.

One governmental lawyer who has been paying a lot of attention to honest services fraud cases is Leon County Attorney Herbert W.A. Thiele. He has written a lengthy memo on the subject and made presentations on the law for city and county officials around the state.

Thiele says he decided to look into the law after reading about the prosecutions in Palm Beach County.

His advice: "If you have to think about whether you should be doing it, maybe you shouldn't be doing it.''

Efforts to put an honest services fraud clause in to state law have so far been unsuccessful, but Sen. Dan Gelber, D-Miami Beach, says he is making another attempt to get legislative approval of the measure this year. Gelber, a former federal prosecutor, said it is a "useful tool that should be part of the arsenal that state prosecutors have."

A good look inside some of these cases might make Florida lawmakers and lobbyists thankful for the 2005 law that prohibits lobbyists from giving gifts to legislators. Assuming, of course, that everyone has obeyed the law.

You might also wonder: Is an honest services investigation in Tallahassee's future?

Acting U.S. Attorney Thomas Kirwin won't say. But some of Tallahassee's best defense attorneys admit they are boning up on the law. And they won't name the potential clients asking for help.

— About honest services fraud —

In 1988 Congress, reacting to a Supreme Court decision that tossed out convictions of Kentucky officials, added the phrase "intangible right of honest services" to mail and wire fraud law. The court had said the law did not prohibit schemes to defraud citizens of intangible rights to honest and impartial government. The code is 18 USC 1346. Congress specifically passed it to overturn the court's ruling in McNally vs. U.S., 483 US 350 1987.

— Who has been convicted of honest services fraud —

* Jack Abramoff, a Washington, D.C., lobbyist sentenced in September to four years in prison for corrupting politicians with golf junkets, expensive meals, luxury seats at sporting events and other gifts. He is also serving a sentence of almost six years in an unrelated fraud case involving a casino cruise line he purchased in Florida.


* Wayne R. Bryant, a former Democratic New Jersey state senator, was convicted in November of multiple corruption charges, including honest services fraud, for using his power and influence to obtain a low-show job at a state School of Osteopathic Medicine in exchange for bringing millions of dollars in extra funding to the school.


* Kevin Geddings, the former North Carolina lottery commissioner, a Democrat, was sentenced in 2006 to four years for concealing work done for a lottery vendor when he accepted a seat on the state lottery commission in 2005. He failed to disclose work for Scientific Games on his state ethics form.


* Jeff Skilling, the former Enron CEO, was sentenced in 2007 to 24 years in prison for depriving Enron of his honest services by using a widespread conspiracy to lie to investors about the company's financial health.


* Randy "Duke'' Cunningham, the former U.S. representative, R-Calif., was sentenced in March 2006 to eight years in prison after pleading guilty to multiple corruption charges involving his acceptance of more than $2.4-million in homes, yachts, antiques, Persian rugs and other items from defense contractors.


* Bob Ney, a former U.S. representative and Ohio Republican, was sentenced in 2007 to 30 months in prison after he admitted corruptly accepting luxury vacation trips, skybox seats at sporting events, campaign contributions and expensive meals from Abramoff.


* Don Siegelman, the former Alabama governor, a Democrat, was convicted of multiple charges involving a $500,000 contribution to his campaign to establish a lottery, allegedly in exchange for appointing the donor to a board that regulates hospitals. Sentenced to seven years but has been released pending an appeal after widespread publicity about the involvement of Republican operatives, including former White House political adviser Karl Rove.


* Mary McCarty, Palm Beach County Commissioner, a Republican, resigned earlier this month after admitting charges of honest services fraud involving the acceptance of discounts, free hotel stays and other undisclosed gifts provided by businesses doing business with the county. Four other city and county commissioners have been charged with similar crimes since 2006.

From: Lucy Morgan, "Fighting corruption with the 'honest services' doctrine," St. Petersburg Times, January 25, 2009, http://www.tampabay.com/news/perspective/article969867.ece, accessed 01/29/09. Caryn Baird contributed to this report. Lucy Morgan is a Times senior correspondent and can be reached at lmorgan@sptimes.com. This article first appeared in print on January 22, 2009. Reprinted in accordance with the "fair use" provision of Title 17 U.S.C. § 107 for a non-profit educational purpose.

Tulanelink thanks attorney Mark Adams for first calling attention to the doctrine of honest services fraud, and attorney Gary Zerman for updating its recent status (see note, below).

Note: The 'honest services' statute has been used to convict dozens of state and local governmental officials, but because it has been so effective, especially in high-profile cases, the Department of Justice has come under pressure to consider weakening its reach.

* Lynne Marek, "DOJ may rein in use of 'honest services' statute," The National Law Journal, June 15, 2009, http://www.law.com/jsp/nlj/PubArticleNLJ.jsp?id=1202431433581, accessed 06/15/09.

DOJ may rein in use of 'honest services' statute
Lynne Marek, The National Law Journal, June 15, 2009
LINK

A key weapon in the arsenal of U.S. Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald and his prosecutors in Chicago has been a section of the federal anti-fraud statute that makes it a crime to deprive citizens or corporate shareholders of "honest services."

It's been used to convict dozens of state and local government officials, as well as newspaper magnate Conrad Black and former Gov. George Ryan of Illinois. Fitzgerald cited the honest services in the April indictment of another ex-Illinois governor, Rod Blagojevich.

But the U.S. Supreme Court's May decision to review Black's 2007 conviction may put the brakes on the honest services provision. The U.S. Department of Justice is likely to rein in use of the provision, 18 U.S.C. 1346, until the high court rules on Black's appeal next term, former federal prosecutors say. "Anytime that there's a high-profile review of a conviction, the department tends to just stop in its tracks, and this is a very high-profile review," said Matt Orwig, a partner and criminal defense attorney in the Dallas office of Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal and former U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Texas. "There's going to have to be some very careful analysis of how they've approached these cases in the past."

Using the honest services section of the fraud statute allows prosecutors to charge defendants with robbing a general group of people, such as shareholders of a public company or residents of a state or city, of the honest fiduciary duties or government services they are due. It's typically used to shore up other fraud counts, but increasingly has been used as a primary count as well.

Orwig, who didn't recall using the charge when he was a U.S. attorney, said he thinks the section has been "over-used." It was the lead charge lodged by U.S. attorney offices against 79 suspects in fiscal year 2007, up from 63 in 2005 and 28 in 2000. (The Justice Department doesn't consistently track it as a secondary charge.)

AGGRESSIVE USE

Fitzgerald, the special counsel who won a conviction against vice presidential aide I. Lewis Libby Jr., so far is bucking the usual turnover for U.S. attorneys and is extending his eight-year stint in Chicago from the Republican Bush administration into the Democratic Obama administration.

Former federal prosecutors-turned-criminal defense lawyers in the Northern District of Illinois said they believe Fitzger­ald's office has been among the most aggressive in using the honest services charge. Although statistics show that his office used the law only twice in fiscal year 2007 as a lead charge, the office has often used the statute as a secondary allegation in cases targeting Illinois and Chicago officials for political corruption.

"The Northern District has argued for an aggressive interpretation of this statute on many occasions," said Robert Kent, a partner in the Chicago office of Baker & McKenzie who was formerly chief of the complex fraud section in the U.S. attorney's office there.

The office has met with success, posting an overall conviction rate for fiscal year 2008 of 96%, compared to the national rate of 92%. Randall Samborn, a spokesman for the office, declined to comment on use of the charge or the Black case.

The criminal defense lawyers said the Supreme Court is likely to focus on the second question presented by the Black petitioners: whether the law "applies to the conduct of a private individual whose alleged 'scheme to defraud' did not contemplate economic or other property harm to the private party to whom honest services were owed."

Black's Supreme Court counsel, Miguel Estrada of the Washington office of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, didn't return calls seeking comment, but argued in the petition that the "vagueness" of Section 1346 and differing appellate courts' interpretation of the law call out for Supreme Court clarification.

Solicitor General Elena Kagan contends in response that the law is clear: The government need not show that a defendant intended to deprive a victim of property or money, and the appellate courts differ only slightly in determining whether a given honest services fraud is "material."

The court's decision to grant certiorari in the Black case led to a release from prison of one of Black's three co-defendants, John Boultbee, and Black may resubmit a request for release in the Northern District of Illinois after Justice John Paul Stevens denied his request for release on bail on June 11.

The defendants argue that the Supreme Court may very well overturn their three mail fraud convictions. Black's counsel contends that he would then have to be retried on the only other outstanding charge against him, an obstruction of justice charge, because of the "highly inflammatory evidence" presented in support of the fraud counts.

In the case, prosecutors charged Black and his fellow executives from Hollinger International Inc., publisher of the Chicago Sun-Times and other newspapers, with fraud for pocketing money from bogus noncompete agreements drawn up when the company was selling off its smaller newspapers in the 1990s. Prosecutors argued that millions of dollars should have gone to shareholders of the company. Black was convicted by a jury on four of the 13 counts against him.

U.S. attorney's offices will pursue "honest services" infractions much more carefully while Black's case is pending before the high court to avoid having cases overturned in the future, the criminal defense lawyers said. Prosecutors are more likely to use it to shore up other charges or avoid it altogether, they said. "It's likely to mean that prosecutors will only use it in the circumstances that every court agrees it would work — that way they'll have some level of confidence no matter what happens," Kent said. "At this point, it would be risky to do anything else."

Still, in cases such as the one against Blagojevich, which includes a host of other criminal charges, anticipation of the Supreme Court's decision on Black is unlikely to make a difference, the lawyers said.

A SCALIA DISSENT

Justice Antonin Scalia in February dissented when the Supreme Court declined to grant certiorari in another honest services conviction case against a top aide to Chicago Mayor Richard Daley, also prosecuted by Fitzgerald's office. In his dissent, he said that not taking the case allowed "the current chaos" in application of the statute to prevail. Now it seems Scalia has managed to win over three additional justices on the honest services issue with respect to the Black case.

"They need some sharper definition," said Mark Rotert, a Chicago criminal defense attorney at Stetler & Duffy and a former federal prosecutor who was once chief of the major crimes division in Chicago's U.S. attorney's office. "There are some real questions about...the appropriate reach of the criminal statute."

Scalia in his dissent regarding the case of Daley aide Robert Sorich said that the circuits are clearly divided on how to interpret the honest services section. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit has held that the statute criminalizes only the unlawful deprivation of services, though other courts have disagreed with that, he stated. The 7th Circuit has read the statute to prohibit the abuse of a post for private gain, while some circuits don't see such a gain as part of the crime, he said.

"Without some coherent limiting principle to define what the 'intangible right of honest services' is, whence it derives, and how it is violated, this expansive phrase invites abuse by headline-grabbing prosecutors in pursuit of local officials, state legislators, and corporate CEOs who engage in any manner of unappealing or ethically questionable conduct," Scalia wrote.

At the core of the issue is the notion that would-be defendants have a right of due process that provides clarity in the laws that they are expected to obey, said criminal defense attorneys.

This isn't the first time that the Court has wrestled with the statute. In its 1987 ruling in McNally v. U.S. , the Supreme Court dismissed prosecutors' and courts' widely held view that the mail fraud statute could be used to fight public corruption and misconduct on the basis that citizens had an 'intangible right' to good government. Congress the following year enacted the honest services section to revive the practice of prosecuting under that right.

"The confusion arises in part from the fact that the law appears to apply differently to public officials and private individuals," said John Cline, a partner in Jones Day's San Francisco office who represented Sorich in his appeal. "It will be interesting to see if the Supreme Court tries to develop a unified standard for the two types of cases."

Some attorneys expect the high court to rule narrowly on the application of the law to private individuals, such as corporate chieftains like Black and avoid weighing in on circumstances related to public officials, at least for now.

Lynne Marek can be contacted at lynne.marek@incisivemedia.com.